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What Is the Difference between an Optimistic Rollup and a ZK-Rollup?

Optimistic Rollups assume validity and use fraud proofs; ZK-Rollups prove validity cryptographically using ZKPs, offering faster finality.
Greeks.Live14.11.25

What Is the Difference between an Optimistic Rollup and a ZK-Rollup?

Both are Layer-2 scaling solutions that bundle transactions off-chain. An Optimistic Rollup assumes all transactions are valid and uses a "fraud proof" system, where a dispute window allows anyone to submit a proof of fraud to revert a malicious transaction.

A ZK-Rollup proves the validity of all off-chain transactions cryptographically using a "validity proof" (Zero-Knowledge Proof) before submitting the state root to L1. ZK-Rollups offer faster finality as there is no dispute window.

How Do Fraud Proofs in Optimistic Rollups Work to Secure Funds?
What Are the Security Trade-Offs between Optimistic Rollups and ZK-Rollups for Financial Applications?
How Does a “Validity Proof” Differ from a “Fraud Proof” in the Context of Blockchain Finality?
How Do Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) Ensure Transaction Validity without Revealing Underlying Data?

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