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What Is the Difference between the Theoretical Futures Price and the Market Futures Price?

The theoretical futures price is the price derived from the cost-of-carry model (Spot Price + Cost of Carry). The market futures price is the actual price at which the contract is currently trading on the exchange.

The difference between the two is a temporary mispricing. Arbitrageurs constantly work to close this gap, but it can exist due to transaction costs, market inefficiencies, or differing market expectations.

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What Is the Relationship between Basis and the ‘Cost of Carry’?
How Is the “Cost of Carry” Related to the Profitability of Futures Arbitrage?
What Is Arbitrage and How Is It Related to Financial Derivatives?