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What Is the Economic Cost of a 51% Attack on a Major PoS Chain?

The economic cost is immense and primarily stems from the 'slashing' of the attacker's massive stake, which is necessary to gain the 51% control. The attacker would forfeit billions of dollars in staked assets, making the attack economically irrational and self-destructive.

This high cost is the main security feature of PoS.

What Is ‘Slashing’ in a Proof of Stake System?
What Is the “Slashing” Mechanism in Proof of Stake?
How Is the Severity of a Slashing Penalty Determined?
What Is the Estimated Capital Cost to Acquire 51% of the Stake in a Major PoS Network like Ethereum?