What Is the Fundamental Difference between an Order Book and an Automated Market Maker (AMM)?
An order book (used by CEXs) is a list of open buy and sell orders (limit orders) placed by individual traders. Trades occur when a buy order matches a sell order.
An AMM (used by DEXs) is a smart contract that holds a liquidity pool. Trades occur against this pool, with the price determined algorithmically by the ratio of assets in the pool, not by matching individual orders.