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What Is the Fundamental Difference between an Order Book and an Automated Market Maker (AMM)?

An order book (used by CEXs) is a list of open buy and sell orders (limit orders) placed by individual traders. Trades occur when a buy order matches a sell order.

An AMM (used by DEXs) is a smart contract that holds a liquidity pool. Trades occur against this pool, with the price determined algorithmically by the ratio of assets in the pool, not by matching individual orders.

How Does a Public Crypto Exchange Match Buy and Sell Orders?
What Is the Difference between an Order Book DEX and an AMM-based DEX?
What Is the Difference between an AMM and a Central Limit Order Book (CLOB)?
What Is the Role of a Matching Engine in a Centralized Exchange?