What Is the Practical Limit to How High the Mining Difficulty Can Be Set?

The mining difficulty has a theoretical maximum limit set by the protocol, which corresponds to the lowest possible target hash (the hardest puzzle). However, the practical limit is determined by the total hash power that the network can economically sustain.

As difficulty increases, the energy cost per coin rises. If the price of the coin does not keep pace, the difficulty will eventually outpace profitability, forcing miners to shut down and causing the difficulty to decrease at the next adjustment.

What Is “Mining Difficulty” and How Does It Affect Energy Consumption?
How Is the Energy Consumption of a Mining Operation Related to Its Hash Rate?
How Does the High Energy Cost of PoW Create a Potential Single Point of Failure (Energy Grid)?
How Is the Cost of Executing a 51% Attack Calculated for a PoW Coin?
How Do Energy Costs Influence a Miner’s Profit Margin in PoA?
How Does the Network’s Difficulty Target Relate to the Energy Expenditure in PoW?
How Does the Cost of Acquiring 51% of Hash Power Impact the Feasibility of an Attack?
How Does the Target Hash Value Relate to the Mining Difficulty?

Glossar