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What Is the Primary Resource Consumed to Achieve Consensus in a PoW System?

The primary resource consumed in a Proof-of-Work (PoW) system is computational power, specifically the energy and hardware required to perform the cryptographic hashing function (mining). Miners expend this resource to solve a difficult mathematical puzzle to find a valid block hash.

This expenditure of energy is the "work" that secures the network and prevents Sybil attacks, making the process costly for a potential attacker.

What Are the Primary Drivers of High Energy Consumption in a PoW System?
What Is ‘Hashing Power’ and Why Is It Central to PoW Security?
What Is a “51% Attack” and How Does It Relate to PoW’s Probabilistic Finality?
What Is the Primary Difference between PoW and Proof-of-Stake (PoS)?