What Is the Role of “Network Latency” in a Successful RBF Double-Spend Attack?

Network latency is critical in a successful RBF double-spend attack because the attacker must ensure the replacement transaction is propagated to the majority of miners before the original transaction is confirmed. Low latency (fast broadcasting) increases the chance that miners will see the higher-fee replacement and include it in a block, invalidating the original.

High latency could allow the original transaction to be confirmed first, rendering the RBF attempt unsuccessful.