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What Is the Role of the Beacon Chain in the Ethereum PoS Architecture?

The Beacon Chain is the foundational component of Ethereum's Proof-of-Stake system. It manages the PoS consensus, including the registry of all active validators and their staked ETH.

It is responsible for organizing validators into committees, processing attestations, and implementing the slashing mechanism. Before The Merge, it ran parallel to the PoW chain; after The Merge, it became the consensus engine for the entire network.

What Is the Primary Difference between On-Chain and Off-Chain Governance?
Why Did the Ethereum/Ethereum Classic Fork Require Specific Replay Protection?
How Does ‘Off-Chain Governance’ Differ from On-Chain Governance?
How Does a Change in the PoW Algorithm (E.g. Ethereum’s Move to PoS) Affect Attack Vectors?