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What Is the Role of the ‘EVM’ (Ethereum Virtual Machine) in Gas Consumption?

The EVM is the runtime environment for smart contracts. It executes the contract code by processing a sequence of opcodes.

Each opcode has a pre-defined gas cost. The EVM calculates the total gas consumption by summing the cost of all opcodes executed during the transaction, enforcing the gas limit.

What Is the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)?
What Is the Difference between an Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and a Smart Contract?
What Is the EVM?
What Are “Opcodes” in the Context of the EVM?