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What Is the ‘Security Budget’ of a Blockchain?

The security budget is the total amount of money spent by the network to secure itself against attacks. In PoW, this is the sum of the block reward and transaction fees paid to miners.

In PoS, it is the sum of staking rewards and transaction fees paid to validators. A larger budget generally implies a more secure network.

How Do Transaction Fees Relate to Network Security?
How Does the Block Reward Incentivize Miners?
How Do Transaction Fees Incentivize Miners or Validators?
How Is the Security Budget of a Blockchain Calculated?