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What Is the Technical Mechanism for Determining Time on a Blockchain?

Blockchains typically use the block number or the timestamp recorded in the block header to determine time. Relying on the block number is more reliable, as block times are generally consistent.

Block timestamps are less reliable because miners can slightly manipulate them. This on-chain time is used to trigger time-sensitive functions like time-locks or option expirations.

How Is the Nonce Related to the Block Timestamp?
How Does the Block Header’s Hash Link One Block to the Next?
Does the Timestamp Affect the Hash of the Merkle Root?
What Are the Main Components of a Typical Block Header?