What Mechanism Is Used for Liquidating Collateral in a Decentralized Loan?
When the collateral's LTV ratio exceeds the liquidation threshold, the smart contract allows a "liquidator" (an external bot or user) to repay a portion of the loan on behalf of the borrower. In return, the liquidator is allowed to purchase the borrower's collateral at a discount.
This process is automated and incentivized by the discount, ensuring the loan is rapidly repaid to maintain solvency.