What Mechanisms Are Used in DeFi to Prevent or Mitigate MEV Exploitation?

Several protocols are being developed to mitigate MEV. Flashbots Protect is a service that allows users to send transactions directly to miners/validators without going through the public mempool, preventing front-running.

Other solutions include specialized block-building architectures like shared sequencing or threshold encryption to obscure transaction details until execution. These aim to privatize the ordering process or make it more random.