What Regulatory Challenges Exist in Prosecuting International Crypto Pump-and-Dump Schemes?

The primary challenges are jurisdictional and enforcement-related. Crypto schemes often involve anonymous actors operating across multiple countries, making it difficult to determine which country's laws apply.

Lack of standardized international crypto regulation and the decentralized nature of the assets complicate the collection of evidence and the execution of legal judgments across borders. Tracing the flow of funds is also complex due to the use of mixers and privacy coins.