What Types of Derivatives Are Mandated to Be Centrally Cleared in Major Jurisdictions?

Following the 2008 financial crisis, regulations like the Dodd-Frank Act (US) and EMIR (EU) mandated central clearing for most standardized, highly liquid interest rate swaps (IRS) and credit default swaps (CDS). Less standardized or illiquid derivatives remain primarily bilateral, but the regulatory scope continues to expand to cover more instruments.