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Why Can’t Smart Contracts Access External Data Directly?

Smart contracts are deterministic and isolated; direct external access would introduce non-determinism, preventing nodes from reaching consensus.
Greeks.Live20.11.25

Why Can’t Smart Contracts Access External Data Directly?

Smart contracts, by design, are deterministic and operate in an isolated environment on the blockchain. They cannot initiate external network requests (API calls) because this would introduce non-determinism, meaning different nodes could receive different data and reach different consensus outcomes.

Oracles are necessary as a secure, verified intermediary to feed this external data onto the chain.

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