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Why Is the Merkle Root Essential for Simplified Payment Verification (SPV)?

SPV uses the Merkle Root and the Merkle path to cryptographically verify a transaction's inclusion in a block without downloading the full chain.
Greeks.Live07.11.25

Why Is the Merkle Root Essential for Simplified Payment Verification (SPV)?

Simplified Payment Verification (SPV) allows a light client (wallet) to verify that a transaction is included in a block without downloading the entire blockchain. The light client only needs the block header, which contains the Merkle Root, and the Merkle path (a small set of hashes) from the transaction up to the root.

By re-hashing the path and checking if it matches the Merkle Root, the client can cryptographically prove the transaction's inclusion and validity.

How Is a Merkle Proof Used to Verify a Transaction without Downloading the Entire Blockchain?
How Do ‘Simplified Payment Verification’ (SPV) Wallets Use Merkle Trees?
How Does a ‘Light Client’ Utilize the Merkle Root for Verification?
How Does a Block header’S Merkle Root Relate to the Immutability of the Block’s Transaction Data?

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